Functional Diagram – System Overview
The diagram shows the internal stages of a switching mode power supply (SMPS) from AC input to regulated DC output.
Block descriptions:
- I/P (Input): AC mains voltage is supplied to the power supply.
- EMI Filter: attenuates conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference and protects downstream components.
- Rectifiers & Filter (primary side): converts AC to DC and smooths the rectified voltage with capacitive filtering.
- Power Switching Stage: a high-frequency switching converter (typically a MOSFET) chops the DC voltage to drive the transformer; switching is controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation).
- Transformer: provides galvanic isolation between input and output and steps the voltage up or down.
- Rectifiers & Filter (secondary side): converts the high-frequency AC from the transformer back to DC and filters ripple and noise. Delivers the output rails +V and –V.
- Detection Circuit: monitors the output voltage and generates the feedback for regulation.
- Control Circuit: processes the feedback and adjusts the switching duty cycle for a stable DC output.
- O.L.P. (Over Load Protection): detects overload or short circuit on the output and limits the current or shuts the converter down.
- O.V.P. (Over Voltage Protection): disables the power supply if the output voltage exceeds the set limit.